Working Across Difference Example

Working Across Difference Example Working Across Difference â€" Assignment Example > Examine the issues involved in working with a client that is different from oneself in term of ethnicity. An ethnic group is a culture or subculture whose members are readily distinguishable by outsiders based on traits originating from a common racial, national, linguistic, or religious source. Members of an ethnic group are often presumed to be culturally or genetically similar, although this is not in fact necessarily the case. Ethnic groups share a common origin, and exhibit a continuity in time, that is, a history and a future as a people. This is achieved through the intergenerational transmission of common language, institutions, values and traditions. It is important to consider this characteristic of ethnic groups if we are to distinguish them from a group of individuals who share a common characteristic, such as ancestry, in a specific point in time. On the political front, an ethnic group is distinguished from a nation-state by the former's lack of sovereignty. While et hnicity and race are related concepts, the concept of ethnicity is rooted in the idea of social groups, marked especially by shared nationality, tribal affiliation, religious faith, shared language, or cultural and traditional origins and backgrounds, whereas race is rooted in the idea of biological classification of Homo sapiens to subspecies according to arbitrarily chosen genotypic and/or phenotypic traits. Power issues, involved in working across difference(a)Religion issuesIn general, religion plays a major role in people’s lives. There are some very useful resources, which provide extensive guidelines for the management of patients from different religions. Religious beliefs have a major impact on attitudes toward many procedures in the hospital, e.g. organ transplantation, birthing practices, death and dying, diet, gender issues, abortion and modesty, to name a few. Certain religions require prayer at certain times of the day, so being sick or hospitalized can be very dis ruptive to an important routine. Prayer rooms are a valuable resource and patients need to be informed about them. In addition, hospital chaplains can sometimes co-ordinate visits from the appropriate priest, (b)Community issuesSubsequently, because of varying preferences, communities form their own respective preferences in their modus operandi. The fact of essence lies in the fact that due their respect priorities, they form specific notions, and resultantly form a community. The evolution and dynamics of a community is not an overnight process. Quite the contrary, it is a process that is long overseen by issues that are specific and exclusive to the group of people now referred to as a community. (c)Practice/ritual based issuesDiffering priorities in social values and norms obviously means a difference in rituals as well. These rituals in effect may not be threatening to fellow communities, yet the exclusive nature that they determine makes it ‘untouchable’ for others, and h ence creates a credible barrier between them and the majority group. (d)Minority political rightsThough a delicate issue, yet its impact is quite otherwise. Minorities shall often complain about the lack of rights that they are given in a community. Yet contrastingly, they are the ones who are given the maximum rights. This is because rights for them are defined according to their needs and desires, whereas for the majority community, it is a vague concept. Minority ethnic groups always know who is the epicenter of their group, who to approach when a legal matter arises, where are their religious institutions etc. however, the same may not necessarily be the case with the dominant ethnic community. Thus a political struggle is born, and the tug-war remains ever so volatile.

Evidence For Food Dependency And Addiction - 1040 Words

Evidence for Food Dependency/Addiction Flora is feeling hungry, but she just ate. She walks around trying to forget about the urge to pick up a donut or a random snack from the cupboard. Flora can’t get the food out of her mind. She feels like the food is calling her from the kitchen saying, â€Å"Eat me, eat me!† Flora gets up and makes her way to the food. She picks up granola bar, and opens it. The granola bar tastes wonderful and she is content, but then the bar was gone, and a few minutes later she wants another. She feels like she can’t stop eating even after she has eaten a meal. Flora asks why she can’t stop eating. She wonders if she could be addicted, so she turns to the computer and she looks up food addiction. Flora finds that is†¦show more content†¦One teaspoon of sugar is equal to 4 grams. That means in one can there are 44 grams of sugar. If a can of soda is consumed by a child everyday, that child would be consuming 132 grams of sugar in just one week (Jeffrey). This i s an alarming statistic about the common hyperpalatable foods that Americans eat everyday, and what these foods can contain. Some more examples of hyperpalatable foods are granola bars, breads, and donuts (Jeffrey L. Fortuna Dr.p.H). The amount of sugar that was in the can of soda and compare that to the results of the rat experiment. The results say there were neural changes of elevated self-stimulation, striatal D2 dopamine receptors lowered, and a dopamine decrease (Ziauddeen). Dopamine or otherwise known as DA D2 is a neurotransmitter or a chemical. This chemical transmits signals in the brain between nerve cells or neurons. When something happy happens unexpectedly in a person s life, neurons activate and transmit very few make dopamine. This means in order to feel happy, addicts need the dopamine that is released (â€Å"What is dopamine†). This compared to a methamphetamine user experiment, â€Å"Methamphetamine abusers had a significantly lower level of D2 receptor av ailability than comparison subjects... D2 receptor availability was associated with metabolic rate in the orbitofrontal cortex in abusers and in comparison subjects,† (Volkow). In addition using drugs like meth or more commonly cocain over time the brain produces less

Identity Should Form a Part of Any Pedagogical Theory and...

Introduction My discovering my own identity doesnt mean that I work it out in isolation, but that I negotiate it through dialogue, partly overt, partly internal, with others...My own identity crucially depends on my dialogical relations with others (Taylor, 1995, as cited in Abbey, 2000). If dialogical relations form the basis of how we understand ourselves in the world, it figures is should also form a part of any pedagogical theory and practice. While this is not the only consideration for a teacher, it provides a centre from which a number of useful educative considerations can be made. Firstly: students come with identities that are informed by many dialogical relations and that they learn by being in social communities. Secondly:†¦show more content†¦Through active engagement with students, teachers assess students competencies and continually adjust the guidance and learning support as necessary (O’Donnell, 2012, p. 114). This is where Vygotskys zone of proximal development (ZPD) becomes a valuable theoretical tool. The ZPD is the distance between the actual developmental level, as specified by autonomous problem solving, and the level of possible development determined via problem solving in collaboration with more capable peers (Schunk, 2012, p. 243). According to Vygotsky, the ZPD is critical to teaching for it is where cognitive development occurs (O’Donnell, 2012, p. 114). Teaching in the ZPD requires the teacher and student to share cultural tools. However, students do not passively receive cultural knowledge from these mediated interactions (Schunk, 2012). Students come to the exchange with their own understandings to social interactions and construct meanings by integrating those understandings with their experiences in the context (Schunk, 2012, p. 244). The ZPD very clearly establishes learning as a moment situated in a social exchange. It also establishes the role of the teacher as n ot only guide, but as assessor of the ZPD. This requires constant dialectic engagement on the teachers behalf. Perhaps what is missing in terms of a constructivist approach in Janes class is that while she does offer the students an opportunity to chose theirShow MoreRelatedStudent-Teacher Relationships in Teacher Program Education s629 Words   |  3 Pagestime neglected in Teacher Education Programs. Making the student to use the dictionary may be not among any canonical response to the problem (not knowing the concept of condensation). It may be thought that it should have been better to tell the Student Teacher to prepare more consciously the key concepts of the lesson next time. We agree. But we also believe that any form of knowledge should be considered valid as far as it is useful when dealing with practical situations. For us we have in thisRead MoreApplication Of Microaggression Theory Study Caste Based Discrimination1558 Words   |  7 PagesMicroaggression theory to study caste-based discrimination: â€Å"Every black child will recognize and defend promptly and adequately against every offensive micro-aggression. In this way, the toll that is registered after accumulation of such insults should be markedly reduced (Pierce, 1970, p. 280)†. Since more than two-decade higher education institutions in the U.S. have recognized issues of diversity and discrimination. Studies on diversity and discrimination are mainly grounded in race and identity issuesRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Construction On Society Curriculum3224 Words   |  13 Pagessocial construction, of the fabric of education, pairs with the educational practices. How very important it is to pay attention to how human nature, our capabilities, extremes, and relationship with the world effects knowledge gained, constructed, and delivered. In effect, a critical pedagogical stance enters into the conversation because it incorporates what teachers should know to be able to improve their practices, to better assist with understanding how an effective marriage between teachingRead MoreThe Classroom : The Dynamics Of The Hidden Curriculum, By Henry Giroux And Anthony Penna1951 Words   |  8 PagesCurriculum,† Henry Giroux and Anthony Penna discuss three app roaches to educational theory that have helped to illuminate the socializing role of schools and the meaning and structure of the hidden curriculum. In this article those three theories are labeled structional-functional view, phenomenological view, and radical critical view (often associated with the neo-Marxist analysis of educational theory and practice). Each of these views share dramatically different assumptions about the meaning ofRead MoreRacism : A Long Way Down The American History1426 Words   |  6 Pagesdown the American history. It came as a result of slavery which began in 1619 when African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, which was an American colony in the North, to help in producing crops such as tobacco. Slavery was then a common practice in all American colonies through the 17th and 18th centuries, where African slaves helped in building the economic foundations of the now American nation. Slavery was then spread to the South in 1793, with the new inv ention of the cotton gin. AboutRead MoreThe Discussion Of Teaching Sex Education1558 Words   |  7 Pagessexuality its ideas, affects, movements and practices. In sex education schools create a space in which students and teachers can potentially think together about the pleasures and risks of sexuality. However, in school-based sex education for youth, especially though but not only in North America, when it comes to talking about sex thoughts of teenage pregnancy, AIDS, and STIs, gay suicide and date rape are usually the main ideas (30). Sex education should be taught to high school freshman so thatRead More Creative Writing in the Composition Classroom Essay3578 Words   |  15 Pagesto think through their writing (at least the good ones do). There is a certain well-accepted style to teaching writing in the traditional composition class, and it works very well for many students and teachers. However, should the line of comfort be crossed, and if so, how? Should composition instructors grab a hold of a different writing style, making it the focal point of their pedagogies in their writing classes? More importantly, if they do, what good would come of it? In an essay in herRead MoreReflection Of A Pedagogical Statement Essay1808 Words   |  8 PagesIn this pedagogical statement I will be reflecting on and confronting my understandings about play. I will be showing this by sharing two moments of play I have been involved with during practicums. I will be covering links between understandings of play and my own practice, the problematic nature of play with respect to the role of the teacher, aspirations for very young learners in the 21st century, highlighting the role of play in developing creativity, communication and citizenship, and my avocationRead MoreEssay on pop culture2997 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Technological advancements the last decades have contributed to the creation of a globalized era, with the English language as a common denominator, as the major language spoken between those who do not share any language. Globalization have made it possible for an extreme output of popular culture that has mainly origins of English speaking countries with U.S.A. as the main exporter of popular culture through music, movies, television etc. In this essay I explore the positiveRead MoreCase Study : Principal Decision Makers1734 Words   |  7 Pagescreated for faculty and that faculty will have a voice in the advising discussion. Theories When looking at a rapidly changing student body and campus it is important to survey the institutional environment and its effect on students. With a growing number of students on campus and an increasing number of first-generation students attending the campus the work of Johnson, Soldner, Leonard and Alvarez (2007) should be highlighted. Within their research, they pointed out that first-year students of

English Study Topic By The Company He Keeps Free Essays

A mirror reflects a man’s face, but what he is really like is shown by the kind of friends he chooses. This quote simply tells one that you become who you are around. This means that people who have bad company will become bad company themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on English Study Topic By The Company He Keeps or any similar topic only for you Order Now But interaction with other people is not all bad. Instead of this, looking for company that will improve who a person becomes is the best idea. The simple but true fact of life is that you become like those with whom you associate; either for the good, or the bad. Sometimes hanging out less with certain types of people will improve life through decisions made (or not made). Setting the bar high for friends is an important aspect of maturity. An important attribute found in successful people is their impatience with negative thinking and negative acting people. While it is better to be alone than in bad company, good company is even better. Anita Desai has long proved herself one of the most accomplished and admired chroniclers of middle-class India. Her 1999 novel, Fasting, Feasting, is the tale of plain and lumpish Uma and the cherished, late-born Arun, daughter and son of strict and conventional parents. So united are her parents in Uma’s mind that she conflates their names. â€Å"MamaPapa themselves rarely spoke of a time when they were not one. The few anecdotes they related separately acquired great significance because of their rarity, their singularity. † Throughout, Desai perfectly matches form and content: details are few, the focus narrow, emotions and needs given no place. Uma, as daughter and female, expects nothing; Arun, as son and male, is lost under the weight of expectation. Now in her 40s, Uma is at home. Attempts at arranged marriages having ended in humiliation and disaster, and she is at MamaPapa’s beck and call, with only her collection of bracelets and old Christmas cards for consolation. Uma flounces off, her grey hair frazzled, her myopic eyes glaring behind her spectacles, muttering under her breath. The parents, momentarily agitated upon their swing by the sudden invasion of ideas–sweets, parcel, letter, sweets–settle back to their slow, rhythmic swinging. They look out upon the shimmering heat of the afternoon as if the tray with tea, with sweets, with fritters, will materialise and come swimming out of it–to their rescue. With increasing impatience, they swing and swing. Arun, in college in Massachusetts, is none too happily spending the summer with the Pattons in the suburbs: their refrigerator and freezer is packed with meat that no one eats, and Mrs. Patton is desperate to be a vegetarian, like Arun. But what he most wants is to be ignored, invisible. â€Å"Her words make Arun wince. Will she never learn to leave well alone? She does not seem to have his mother’s well-developed instincts for survival through evasion. After a bit of pushing about slices of tomatoes and leaves of lettuce–in his time in America he has developed a hearty abhorrence for the raw foods everyone here thinks the natural diet of a vegetarian–he dares to glance at Mr. Patton. † Desai’s counterpointing of India and America is a little forced, but her focus on the daily round, whether in the Ganges or in New England, finely delineates the unspoken dramas in both cultures. And her characters, capable of their own small rebellions, give Fasting, Feasting its sharp bite. –Ruth Petrie From Publishers Weekly Short-listed for the 1999 Booker Prize, Desai’s stunning new novel (after Journey to Ithaca) looks gently but without sentimentality at an Indian family that, despite Western influence, is bound by Eastern traditions. As Desai’s title implies, the novel is divided into two parts. At the heart of Part One, set in India, is Uma, the eldest of three children, the overprotected daughter who finds herself starved for a life. Plain, myopic and perhaps dim, Uma gives up school and marriage, finding herself in her 40s looking after her demanding if well-meaning parents. Uma’s younger, prettier sister marries quickly to escape the same fate, but seems dissatisfied. Although the family is â€Å"quite capable of putting on a progressive, Westernized front,† it’s clear that privileges are still reserved for boys. When her brother, Arun, is born, Uma is expected to abandon her education at the convent school to take care of him. It is Arun, the ostensibly privileged son, smothered by his father’s expectations, who is the focus of the second part of the novel. The summer after his freshman year at the University of Massachusetts, Arun stays with the Pattons, an only-too-recognizable American family. While Desai paints a nuanced and delicate portrait of Uma’s family, here the writer broadens her brush strokes, starkly contrasting the Pattons’ surfeit of food and material comforts with the domestic routine of the Indian household. Indeed, Desai is so adept at portraying Americans through Indian eyes that the Pattons remain as inscrutable to the reader as they are to Arun. But Arun himself, as he picks his way through a minefield of puzzling American customs, becomes a more sympathetic character, and his final act in the novel suggests both how far he has come and how much he has lost. Although Desai takes a risk in shifting from the endearing Uma to Arun, she has much to say in this graceful, supple novel about the inability of the families in either culture to nurture their children. (Jan. ) Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc. How to cite English Study Topic By The Company He Keeps, Papers

Joses Mexican Restaurant Case Study free essay sample

From the customer’s perspective, quality at Jose’s should be defined by location and ease of access to the restaurant, ambiance, sense of arrival, service, food quality, and price. To better understand quality, 83 customers who dined at the restaurant last Friday and Saturday night were asked to answer yes or no to five survey questions: 1. Were you seated promptly? 2. Was your waiter satisfactory? 3. Were you served in a reasonable time? 4. Was your food enjoyable? 5. Was your dining experience worth the cost? Of the five questions, perhaps the most important question is â€Å"Was your dining experience worth the cost?. † This can be an indicator of overall customer satisfaction with the complete dining experience (ambiance, food quality, service, value, etc. ) in relation to cost. Approximately 81% of customers surveyed responded yes, with about 19% of the customers surveyed indicating they did not receive good value. The other questions can provide more insight into the specific issues around the customer’s perception of quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Joses Mexican Restaurant Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Were you seated promptly? About 84% of the respondents answered yes to this question. While this does not appear to be the major issue, there is room for improvement. With process reengineering, the restaurant could achieve more even flow of customers during peak times. Given the importance of first impressions on customers, the restaurant should consider options for creating a comfortable area for waiting. This may include rearranging the tables to optimize efficiency, or a more expensive remodel. The restaurant could analyze the cost/benefit of taking reservations or increasing restaurant capacity and facilities to allow take? out orders. The restaurant should also consider the cost of a remodel and also increasing seating capacity from the current 58. If the restaurant is consistently busy on Friday and Saturday nights, with 45 minute waits, they are undoubtedly losing customers who have nowhere to wait comfortably, particularly in New England in inclement weather. Was your waiter satisfactory? Among the five questions, this one received the highest satisfaction score at 88%. The waiter, as the primary customer contact, is the face of the restaurant operation. On these nights, the waiter was leaving a positive impression with customers. However, if the other quality indicators are achieved, it’s likely the satisfaction with the waiter will also increase, and therefore gratuities. Were you served in a reasonable time? At 70%, this question received the lowest satisfaction score, indicating the most significant challenge for the restaurant. A typical time for completing a meal once it has been ordered is 12 minutes. During peak times, it can take 20 minutes to get good meals delivered to the table. The eight minute difference can have a significant impact on the customer’s perception of their overall experience. Given the waiter satisfaction is much higher, customers don’t appear to blame the wait staff. This could mean that the delivery of menus, water, beverages and ordering is accomplished in a reasonable time, but the actual time between ordering and delivery of food is the real issue with customer satisfaction and should be the focus of process reengineering. Among the potential solutions could be process engineering to optimize efficiency. Further, additional staff could be added on Friday and Saturday nights. A prep cook could be added to do more advance work. A food expediter could check the quality of the food from the kitchen and deliver it to the tables, allowing the waiters more time with customers. A busboy could clear dishes from the tables and take them back to the kitchen. This addition of staff during peak times could allow the restaurant to turn more tables faster, thereby increasing revenue. Was your food enjoyable? After satisfaction with the waiter, this question received the highest response at 87%. While the cook has been complaining about the poor quality of some of the ingredients recently, it did not prove to be a significant issue for the customers in this survey. However, customers come to restaurants to eat and quality has to be consistent. The restaurant should monitor this closely, including its suppliers. 2. What are the restaurant’s costs of process failures? A process failure is any performance shortfall such as error, delay, environmental waste, or rework. This can affect both the expense and revenue side of the business. In terms of expenses, customers could send food back that is not prepared to their expectation (taste, temperature, appearance, preparation, etc. ) which results in extra material (food waste) and labor costs from both

How and When to Apply for Social Security Benefits

How and When to Apply for Social Security Benefits Applying for Social Security benefits is the easy part. You can apply online, by telephone or by walking into your local Social Security office. The hard part is deciding when to apply for your Social Security retirement benefits and rounding up all the documents youll need when you do. Are You Eligible? Becoming eligible to get Social Security retirement requires both reaching a certain age and earning enough Social Security credits. You earn credits by working and paying Social Security taxes. If you were born in 1929 or later, you need 40 credits (10 years of work) to qualify. If you stop working, you stop earning credits until you return to work. No matter what your age is, you cannot get Social Security retirement benefits until you have earned 40 credits.​ How Much Can You Expect to Get? Your Social Security retirement benefit payment is based on how much you made during your working years. The more you earned, the more youll get when you retire. Your Social Security retirement benefit payment is also affected by the age at which you decide to retire. You can retire as early as age 62, but if you retire before your full retirement age, your benefits will be permanently reduced, based on your age. For example, if you retire at age 62, your benefit would be about 25 percent lower than what it would be if you waited until you reach full retirement age. You also need to remember that monthly premiums for ​Medicare Part B are usually deducted from monthly Social Security benefits. Retirement is a great time to look into the pros and cons of a private Medicare Advantage plan.   According to the Social Security Administration, the average monthly benefit paid to retired workers in May 2017 was $1,367.58.   When Should You Retire? Deciding when to retire is totally up to you and your family. Just keep in mind that Social Security replaces only about 40 percent of the average workers pre-retirement income. If you can live comfortably on 40 percent of what youre making at work, problem solved, but financial experts estimate that most people will need 70-80 percent of their pre-retirement income to have a comfortable retirement. To draw full retirement benefits, the following Social Security Administration age rules apply: Born in 1937 or earlier - Full retirement can be drawn at age 65Born in 1938 - Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 2 monthsBorn in 1939 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 4 monthsBorn in 1940 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 6 monthsBorn in 1941 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 8 monthsBorn in 1942 Full retirement can be drawn at age 65 years and 10 monthsBorn in 1943-1954 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66Born in 1955 - Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 2 monthsBorn in 1956 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 4 monthsBorn in 1957 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 6 monthsBorn in 1958 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 8 monthsBorn in 1959 Full retirement can be drawn at age 66 and 10 monthsBorn in 1960 or later Full retirement can be drawn at age 67 Remember that while you can begin drawing Social Security retirement benefits at age 62, your benefits will be 25 percent less than what they will be if you wait until your full retirement age as shown above. Also keep in mind that no matter when you start drawing Social Security benefits, you must be 65 to be eligible for Medicare. For example, people who retired at their full retirement age of 67 in 2017 could get a maximum monthly benefit of $2,687, depending on their work and income history. However, the maximum benefit for persons retiring at age 62 in 2017 was only $2,153.   Delayed Retirement: On the other hand, if you wait to retire beyond your full retirement age, your Social Security benefit will automatically increase by a percentage based on your year of birth. For example, if you were born in 1943 or later, Social Security will add 8 percent per year to your benefit for each year that you delay signing up for Social Security beyond your full retirement age. For example, people who waited until age 70 to retire in 2017 could get a maximum benefit of $3,538. Despite getting smaller monthly benefit payments, people who start claiming Social Security retirement benefits at age 62 often have good reasons for doing. Be sure to consider the pros and cons of applying for Social Security benefits at age 62 before doing so. If You Work While Getting Social Security Yes, you can work full or part-time while also getting Social Security retirement benefits. However, if you have not yet reached your full retirement age, and if your net income from working is higher than the annual earnings limit, your annual benefits will be reduced. Beginning in the month you reach full retirement age, Social Security will stop reducing your benefits no matter how much you earn. During any full calendar year in which you are under full retirement age, Social Security deducts $1 from your benefit payments for every $2 you earn above the annual net income limit. The income limit changes every year. In 2017, the income limit was $16,920.   If Health Problems Force You to Retire Early Sometimes health problems force people to retire early. If you cannot work because of health problems, you should consider applying for Social Security disability benefits. The amount of the disability benefit is the same as a full, unreduced retirement benefit. If you are receiving Social Security disability benefits when you reach full retirement age, those benefits will be converted to retirement benefits. Documents You Will Need Whether you apply online or in person, you will need the following information when you apply for your Social Security benefits: Your Social Security numberYour birth certificate, or proof of U.S. citizenshipYour W-2 forms or self-employment tax return (or both) for the last year you workedYour military discharge papers if you served in any branch of the military If you choose to have your benefits paid through direct deposit, you will also need your banks name, your account number and your banks routing number as shown on the bottom of your checks.​ Working While Collecting Social Security Retirement Many people choose or need, to keep working after claiming Social Security retirement benefits. However, if you continue work after claiming early retirement benefits your Social Security benefits may be reduced until you reach your full retirement age. If you retire at age 62, Social Security will deduct money from your retirement check if you exceed a certain amount of earned income for the calendar year. For example, the income limit in 2018 was $17,040 or $1,420 per month. The income limit increases annually. Until you reach your full retirement age, Security will reduce your benefit by $1 for every $2 you earn over the income limit. Once you reach your full retirement age, you will receive your full Social Security retirement benefit with no limitation on how much income you earn from working. The worse news is that Social Security does not apply the early retirement work penalty by simply deducting a small amount from each monthly benefit check. Instead, the agency may withhold several months’ entire checks until the total reduction is paid off. This means your annual budget will have to account for a certain number of months without a benefit check. Complete details on this decidedly complicated process can be found in Social Security’s pamphlet on â€Å"How Work Affects Your Benefits.† You can also use Social Security’s earnings test calculator to see how much your reduction will be and when your checks will be withheld. Also note that if lose your job, you may still qualify for unemployment benefits even though you are also collecting Social Security retirement benefits.

Complete List of AP Courses and Tests

Complete List of AP Courses and Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you ever seen the full list of AP classes? Are you confused about which ones you should take? We’ll help you choose by showing you a list of all AP courses available. We'll also reveal which ones are the most popular and which are the hardest to pass. Read on for advice to help you pick your ideal advanced placement courses! Complete List of AP Exams First things first: here is the full list of AP tests. Before we delve into popularity and difficulty, this basic list can be really helpful. Scope it out and see which topics look interesting to you! There are 38 exams in total: AP Research AP Seminar Art History Biology Calculus AB Calculus BC Chemistry Chinese Language and Culture Computer Science A Computer Science Principles English Language and Composition English Literature and Composition Environmental Science European History French Language and Culture German Language and Culture Government and Politics (Comparative) Government and Politics (US) Human Geography Italian Language and Culture Japanese Language and Culture Latin Macroeconomics Microeconomics Music Theory Physics 1: Algebra-Based Physics 2: Algebra-Based Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Physics C: Mechanics Psychology Spanish Language and Culture Spanish Literature and Culture Statistics Studio Art Drawing Studio Art 2-D Design Studio Art 3-D Design US History World History When reading through this list, think about subjects you already enjoy and want to delve into more. For example, if you’ve always liked math, challenging yourself with the BC Calculus course (and exam) could be a rewarding experience. You can also look ahead to college. AP classes are a great way to explore subjects that aren’t usually part of high school curricula. Many AP classes, such as Computer Science, Psychology, and Economics, can give you a taste of college courses while you’re still in high school. AP classes: perfect if you're dreaming of life on campus. Also, think about the tests that could make you a more competitive applicant to the colleges you're applying to. You want to showcase your strengths, after all! For example, if you're applying as a science major and have done several science-related extracurriculars, it would be a smart idea to take (and ace!) the science AP tests, including Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Before you sign up for an AP course or test, think about your prior preparation. In most cases, you shouldn’t jump into an AP class if you have no experience in that subject. For instance, many high schools have students take a regular or honors biology class before they can take AP Biology. Moreover, consider which AP courses are offered at your high school. Most schools don’t offer every single AP subject as a class. It is definitely possible to study on your own for a test, but it’s much easier if you take a class. This is especially true for the tougher subjects like Calculus and Literature. For a full description of each AP class and its exam, check out the AP Student website. Which AP Tests Are the Most Popular? Just knowing which AP classes exist won't help you totally narrow down your choices. To give you a better perspective, check out this list of AP courses, organized by popularity (i.e., the number of students taking them): AP Course/Exam # of Students Taking (2018) English Language 580,043 United States History 501,530 English Literature 404,014 Government Politics (United States) 326,392 Psychology 3,759 Calculus AB 308,538 World History 303,243 Biology 259,663 Statistics 222,501 Human Geography 216,783 Spanish Language 180,435 Physics 1 170,653 Environmental Science 166,433 Chemistry 161,852 Macroeconomics 146,673 Calculus BC 139,376 European History 101,740 Microeconomics 90,032 Computer Science Principles 72,187 Computer Science A 65,133 Physics C Mechanics 57,399 Studio Art 2-D Design 36,249 Seminar 30,964 Spanish Literature 27,451 Physics 2 25,741 Physics C EM 25,074 Art History 24,964 Government Politics (Comparative) 24,675 French Language 22,867 Studio Art Drawing 20,853 Music Theory 19,018 Chinese Language 13,825 Research 9,640 Latin 6,409 Studio Art 3-D Design 5,777 German Language 5,053 Italian Language 2,926 Japanese Language 2,459 Total Number of AP Exams Taken 5,090,324 Total Number of Students Taking AP Exams 2,808,909 Source: The College Board Taking a more popular AP exam has a lot of benefits. For one, the class is more likely to be offered at your high school. Another plus is that there are more study guides and resources you can use for the test- both online and in print. It will also be easier to find other students to study with. On the flip side, you can distinguish yourself by taking and passing a less popular AP test. For example, having AP Japanese or AP Research under your belt can set you apart from other high-achieving students, especially in college applications. AP Test Passing Rates In addition to knowing all your AP exam choices and how popular each test is, it’s helpful to know how many students pass each exam. (AP tests are scored between 1 and 5, with anything 3 and higher considered passing.) Most AP tests have a pass rate of around 65% or higher. The high score of 5 is rarer- usually between 10% and 20% of a test's scores. Check out our table below, organized in order of the passing rate of each exam. Note: There are two different subgroups for language exams: Standard and Total. The score rates for language exams (Standard) only include students who didn't indicate they spoke that language at home or had spent four or more weeks in a country where that language was spoken. On the other hand, the rates for language exams (Total) also include students who speak that language at home and/or have completed study abroad programs. This is why many of the language AP exams (Total) have very high passing rates. AP Test Passing Rates 2019 Exam Name Passing Rate (3+) 5 Rate Studio Art: Drawing 91.1% 20.8% Spanish Language and Culture 89% 24.9% Chinese Language and Culture 88.3% 57.2% Studio Art: 2-D Design 86.4% 21% Calculus BC 81.5% 43.2% Physics C: Electricity Magnetism 81.1% 35.9% Seminar 80.7% 6.8% French Language and Culture 76.7% 15.5% Research 76.2% 10.8% Japanese Language and Culture 75% 38.2% Computer Science Principles 72.7% 13.6% Spanish Literature 71.9% 9.1% Physics C: Mechanics 71.1% 34.6% German Language and Culture 70.5% 18.4% Studio Art: 3-D Design 70.1% 10.1% Computer Science A 69.9% 27% Microeconomics 68.4% 22.2% Gov. and Politics - Comparative 66.2% 22.2% Biology 64.6% 7.1% Italian Language and Culture 64.6% .8% Psychology 64.4% 20.2% Art History 63.9% 12% Physics 2 63.5% 12.6% Music Theory 63.4% 20.9% Latin 63.1% 13.1% Statistics 59.2% 14.5% European History 58.4% .7% Calculus AB 58.3% 18.9% Macroeconomics 57.9% 17.6% World History 56% 8.7% Gov. and Politics - United States 55.2% 12.9% English Language and Composition 55.1% 10.1% Chemistry 54.6% 10.7% United States History 54.3% 12.1% English Literature and Composition 50.1% 6.2% Environmental Science 49.6% 9.5% Human Geography 49.1% 10.7% Physics 1 44.6% 6.2% Source: The College Board You might be wondering why tests like BC Calculus and Chinese- which seem really difficult- have some of the highest passing rates. It's not because they're the easiest AP tests. These tests have high pass rates because students who take AP Calculus BC and AP Chinese are much more likely to have prior experience in those subjects and are willing to take on a tough class. In other words, the students who take the hardest AP exams are a self-selecting group of high achievers. It takes years of math classes to build up to Calculus BC questions like this one. View a whole free-response section here if you’re curious about how hard Calculus BC is. On the flip side, some of the most popular tests, such as US History and US Government, have some of the lowest passing rates. This is likely because a wider pool of test takers means that there are more underprepared and unprepared students. In addition, note that Environmental Science, English Literature, and World History- also very popular tests- have very low 5 rates, under 10%. This could be because, again, a wider test taker pool makes for more unprepared students. However, since so few students can pull it off, it’s still pretty hard to get a 5 on these tests. If you take those courses, be prepared to study hard- especially if you want a 5! What’s Next? Once you’ve chosen an AP class to take, you might be curious about what the test is like. Learn about how long AP tests are and get tips on managing test fatigue. You're probably also wondering about your SAT/ACT score and how to improve it. If you're taking the ACT, get tips on how to avoid the most common ACT mistakes and learn how to get a perfect 36 score. Aiming for the SAT instead? Learn how to boost your score on each section: Reading, Writing, and Math. Thinking about college? Read our guides to developing a target ACT or SAT score to get into your target colleges. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: